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Ulster (; (アイルランド語:Ulaidh) or ''Cúige Uladh'' , Ulster Scots: ''Ulstèr''〔(Ulster Scots – Ulstèr-Scotch ) NI Department for Regional Development.〕〔(Ulster's Hiddlin Swaatch – Culture Northern Ireland ) Dr Clifford Smyth〕〔(Guide to Monea Castle – Ulster-Scots version ) Department of the Environment.〕 or ''Ulster'')〔(North-South Ministerial Council: 2010 Annual Report in Ulster Scots )〕〔(North-South Ministerial Council: 2009 Annual Report in Ulster Scots )〕〔(Tourism Ireland: 2008 Yearly Report in Ulster Scots )〕 is a province in the north of the island of Ireland. In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ((アイルランド語:cúige)) ruled by a ''rí ruirech'', or "king of over-kings". The definition of the province was fluid from early to medieval times. It took a definitive shape in the reign of King James I of England when all the counties of Ireland were eventually shired. This process of evolving conquest had been under way since the Norman invasion of Ireland, particularly as advanced by the Cambro-Norman magnates Hugh de Lacy and John de Courcy. Ulster was a central topic role in the parliamentary debates that eventually resulted in the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Under the terms of the Act, Ireland was divided into two territories, Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland, with the border passing through the province. "Southern Ireland" was to be all of Ireland except for "the parliamentary counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, and the parliamentary boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry (city of Derry )" which were to constitute "Northern Ireland". The area of Northern Ireland was seen as the maximum area within which Ulster Protestants/unionists could be expected to have a safe majority, despite counties Fermanagh and Tyrone having slight Roman Catholic/Irish nationalist majorities. While these six counties and two parliamentary boroughs were all in the province of Ulster, three other counties of the province – Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan – were assigned to the Irish Free State. Ulster has no official function for local government purposes in either jurisdiction. However, for the purposes of ISO-3166-2, Ulster is used to refer to the three counties of Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan only, which are given country sub-division code "IE-U".〔ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-1, 19 February 2010, which gives "Ulster" as the official English name and "Ulaidh" as the official Irish name of the province, citing "Ordnance Survey Office, Dublin 1993" as its source – (http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf )〕 ==Terminology== The name Ulster has several possible derivations: from the Norse name "Uladztir", which is an adaptation of ''Ulaidh'' and ''tir'', the Irish for "land";〔Jonathan Bardon; ''A History of Ulster'', page 27. The Blackstaff Press, 2005. ISBN 0-85640-764-X〕 or similarly it may be derived from ''Ulaidh'' plus the Norse genitive ''s'' followed by the Irish ''tir''.〔Seán Duffy; ''Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf'', page 26. Gill & Macmillan, 2014. ISBN 978-0-7171-6207-9〕 It has also been suggested to have derived from ''Uladh'' plus the Norse suffix ''ster'' (meaning place), which was common in the Shetland Islands and Norway. The Irish name, ''Cúige Uladh'', means the "province of the Ulaidh", with the term cúige formerly referring to a fifth. The Ulaidh were a group of tribes who dwelt in the region. ''Ulaidh'' has historically been anglicised as ''Ulagh'' or ''Ullagh''〔(County Down ), ''A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland'' (1837)〕 and Latinized as ''Ulidia'' or ''Ultonia''.〔(Publications / Irish Archaeological Society, Dublin, Volume 1 )〕 The latter two have yielded the terms ''Ulidian'' and ''Ultonian''. The Irish word for someone or something from Ulster is ''Ultach'', and this can be found in the surnames MacNulty, MacAnulty, and Nulty, which all derive from ''Mac an Ultaigh'', meaning "son of the Ulsterman".〔Robert Bell; ''The book of Ulster Surnames'', page 180. The Blackstaff Press, 2003. ISBN 0-85640-602-3〕 Words that have been used in English are ''Ullish'' and ''Ulsterman''/''Ulsterwoman''. Northern Ireland is often referred to as 'Ulster',〔(Ulster — Definitions from Dictionary.com )〕 despite including only six of Ulster's nine counties. This usage is most common amongst people in Northern Ireland who are unionist,〔(CAIN – Glossary of Terms Related to the Northern Ireland Conflict )〕 although it is also used by the media throughout the United Kingdom.〔(Ulster Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Ulster ). Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.〕 Some Irish nationalists object to the use of Ulster in this context.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ulster」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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